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| Low-voltage Electrical Market Issues 2 |
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4. Residual current operated protective devices
Residual current protection in China from the mid-1970s to develop and market application, after 80 to 90 years to promote the use of continuous improvement and development has formed a perfect variety, complete specifications of the product range of residual current protection in low-voltage power grid Security protection has played a pivotal role.
China's production of residual current protective device products of all kinds: Household and similar places with residual current circuit breaker; industrial residual current relay and residual current circuit breaker (derived by the low-voltage molded case circuit breakers, residual current circuit breaker); portable residual current protector.
Household and similar places is divided into residual current circuit breaker residual current circuit breaker with overcurrent protection and overcurrent protection without residual current circuit breaker. Country production of residual current circuit breaker with overcurrent protection models C45Vigi, DZL18-20, DZL118, DZ12L, DZ47L and K series and so on. Rated current 63A, short-circuit breaking capacity of not more than 6kA, most electronic AC type residual current circuit breaker.
Without overcurrent protection for residual current circuit breaker domestic product Product Type: DZL43 (FIN), NFIN AB62 DZL33 DZL38. Rated current below 63A, which most of the rated voltage of 220V, rated current of 30A and below the single-phase circuit using diode residual current circuit breaker, most electronic AC type, also part of the part of the electromagnetic.
The industrial residual current breaker with overload and short circuit protection, domestic production of major products Model: DZ15L, DZL25 DZ10L and DZ20L maximum nominal amount of current to 630A, rated short-circuit breaking capacity most about 20KA.
Residual current relays domestic production of the main
To Product Model: JD1, JD3 & the the LJM type used mainly in the rural areas, the LTS residual current relay, main circuit rated current capacity of up to 800A. Portable residual current protection of domestic production of the main products Model: the LBX, LBC, CL1-10 and THD10 residual current protection plug, etc., are used in a single-phase circuit, rated voltage 220V, rated current of 16A and below, the main purpose supporting the use of, and supporting the export of household appliances and home appliances. Specified in IEC standard for mobile leakage protection, only type A (AC and DC dual-use), and our most AC products.
The yield of the residual current protection in China has been able to meet the needs of national economic development, but the production stays in imitation and repeated trial, the development of new products. Part of a joint venture to introduce foreign products or the introduction of foreign technology to develop products to scale production, most of the factory annual production capacity in the millions, backward mode of production, product reliability. Residual current circuit breaker as DZ15L the mid-1970s, China developed the first generation of residual current circuit breaker, technical indicators with significantly behind similar foreign products, but still occupy the conduction status.
Market issues can not be ignored
In the above four categories of products, the low-end products, high-performance, high-end, there is less since the color characteristics of the product. The affordable products repetitive and more, such as GJ20 manufacturers nearly 200 more than 160 DZ20 circuit breaker manufacturers. This one, the intensity of competition between the low-voltage electrical giant is also evident. Chint Group , has more than 600 sales companies and special sales agency in the country and abroad to set up five branches and more than 20 distributor; Delixi Group has more than 600 domestic marketing agency, more than 30 overseas outside marketing agency.
And these sales network is still expanding. With the sinking of the electricity market in China, the "war" between the smell of gunpowder and more concentrated in these enterprises.
On the product, the single species of major products, derived specifications less and fewer attachments, it is difficult to meet the requirements of different users, product design backward, poor quality, many enterprise product standards have not been in accordance with IEC standards and national mandatory standards.
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| 12月27日（木）18:12 | トラックバック(0) | コメント(0) | Economy | 管理
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| Low-voltage Electrical Market Issues 1 |
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Low-voltage Electrical Market Issues Can't Be Ignored
1. Universal Circuit Breaker
China's current production of universal circuit breaker can be divided into three grades:
First gear products DW10 (single function, supplies, consumption of silver by the inclusion of eight ministries and the elimination of outdated products directory) DW16 (expected to completely replace DW10), which is characterized as the representative of the layout, fixed-mounted, side handle operation simple structure, easy maintenance, cheap, general industrial system for selective protection is not required, or the vast rural distribution system.
The second tranche of DW15, ME (DW17) representatives, as well as AE, 3WE, AH and other products. This file is suitable for general industrial system. Circuit Breaker, about 60% of the market share.
The third tranche Products DW45, M Series, DW40, F, products. This file product is suitable for large capacity power distribution system, focus on engineering , high-rise hotel, office building, the largest city substation . The current market share of only 3%.
2. Molded Case Circuit Breakers
Molded case circuit breaker according to their main purpose is generally divided into two categories: one main distribution protection, a motor protection circuit breaker.
China's current production distribution molded case circuit breaker DZ10 has been included in the 16 batches of elimination products DZ15, DZ20, TO, TG, H series and other products. Group product upgrading and the introduction of foreign technology manufacturing products of the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, compared with DZ10 products, which is characterized by the breaking capacity improved significantly, significantly reduced the volume, relatively complete variety of specifications, such as DZ20 series C ( economic type), Y (general), J (higher), G (high breaking type), also derived from the quadrupole and no arcing products.
After the 1990s, the producers of molded case circuit breakers with reference to foreign 1980s a number of new products developed or imitation. More prominent CM1 molded case circuit breakers, Changshu Switchgear Factory developed its main features is that breaking capacity to further improve the learning arc distance reduced, the volume is also significantly reduced, and the producers of such products has reached 10.
The mid-1990s, Shanghai Electrical Apparatus Research Institute and other units to track foreign new technologies and products, at the same time learn from the achievements DZ20 secondary development, development of a new generation of high-performance, miniaturized molded case circuit breakers.
Motor protection circuit breaker products the DX5-20, M611, 3VE1, DZ35-25 and other products. DZ5-20 is a product of the mid-1960s to design bulky, technical and economic indicators lag behind, the maximum rated current of 20A, control motor power 10kA, Rated short-circuit breaking capacity of 15kA, in addition to the built-in auxiliary contacts without any attachments. M611 and 3VE1 of the 1980s, the introduction of foreign technology manufacturing, performance indicators than DZ5-20 step and has a wide range of accessories, but not high breaking capacity, technical indicators relative to the current international level is relatively backward. DZ35-25 is the tracking of the foreign new product development in China from 1994 to 1995, a new generation of motor protection circuit breaker, rated current of 25A, the control motor power 12.5kA, rated short-circuit breaking capacity 3kA/380V alternative DZ5-20 So far, not mass production capability.
3. AC contactor
AC contactor in the control of electrical products, contact our production mainly include air type AC and DC contactors, vacuum contactor. Air AC contactor including rotary contactors, direct-acting contact, there is a direct-acting contact derived switching capacitor contactors. Production of the largest empty direct acting AC contactor such products in addition to the current products CJ20, B, 3TB, LC1-D CJ10 has been included in a batch of 16 out product, its market share of approximately 50% (as calculated by the output value of about 70%). CJ20 national unified design products, and the rest of the 1980s, the introduction of foreign technology manufacturing products. Overall technical level, equivalent to the international level early 1980s.
At present, China is developing a new generation of AC contactor, which CJ40 has to complete the 63,80,100,125,160,200,250,315,400,500 ten current levels, the maximum capacity of 800A, a new generation of small capacity contactor is also being developed.
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| 12月27日（木）18:10 | トラックバック(0) | コメント(0) | Economy | 管理
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| BlackBerry Difficultly to Get Ahead -2 |
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4. most consumers do not have to give up the Android and iOS
RIM, the crucial point is to be able to understand the majority of consumers do not give up devices powered by Android and iOS systems.
In fact, most users have already purchased a Apple iPhone5 smartphone, in addition to a lot of users buy the Samsung Galaxy phone, these estimates will not change with other phone. Of course, RIM To want Black Berry10 to succeed, you must be able to attract these consumers. Now it seems, can only wish RIM luck.
5. business users are increasingly turning to Android and iOS
According to a research data show that, in 2012, the number of corporate users to buy Android and iOS devices for the first time more than the number of corporate users to buy Blackberry. Although equipped with a system Android and iOS products owned enterprise users not number of business users, but that the number of corporate users two operating systems together, it has exceeded the BlackBerry and BlackBerry . This result is indeed shocking, but also illustrates the RIM company in the field of business users have been facing the fate of being eaten up.
6. RIM's design is generally
RIM has not known design. Fact, RIM company over the years has been the release of the product, but the design of these products can not be compared with Apple's iPhone and Samsung smartphones. RIM If you can not make a huge change, poor design feeling will become a huge problem BlackBerry10 open market situation.
7. application problems
The application is an extremely important factor in today's mobile field. However, the purpose of generally available application, RIM's Black Berry App World (App Store) is greatly lagging behind Apple's App Store and Google application store. RIM's executives claim that they have been demonstrated to developers BlackBerry10 system, and that these developers are working to add more applications, but in any case, RIM's application store has been very backward, may no longer be able to catch up with Apple and Google and other competitors.
8. Delayed release is a taboo
Black Berry10 will market in early 2013, but in fact, this product should have been listed in 2012. In fact, RIM CEO of Thor Stearns Hynes (Thorsten Heins) has already announced that this operating system postponed to be released next year. Hynes claimed its employees before the release of this operating system will not be allowed to leave, but all may have been too late. The delayed release is a problem, at least let RIM company in the mobile space behind a final consequences is to make the Black Berry10 more unable to catch up with iOS or Android.
9. The market is looking forward to novel products
The RIM the Black Berry10 of the operating system is a catch up with other products, this operating system configuration full touch screen panel functionality, integrated application store and other programs in order to help the user to use a variety of services from music to games. In other words, this in itself does not have anything new. But to say what new is that this will lead to the Black Berry10 fall apart very unfortunate that the the RIM company does not recognize it.
10. the lack of adequate equipment
In the mobile market, the number of plays a very important role. Unless your company name is Apple, or you need to publish as many products to the market in order to seize market share. Unfortunately RIM will only sales (sales and the most they can) Black Berry10 products. Taking into account the large number of mobile phone based on Android system has a market-oriented, RIM, the company and its new products in order to obtain a larger market share in competition with other products may be exceptionally difficult.
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| 12月17日（月）17:19 | トラックバック(0) | コメント(0) | Hobby | 管理
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| BlackBerry Difficultly to Get Ahead -1 |
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10 Reasons BlackBerry Difficultly to Get Ahead
According to foreign media reports, the online edition of the leading U.S. IT magazine "eWeek" wrote today, said the RIM Black Berry10 market success will continue to face difficulties, and analysis of Black Berry10 10 reasons difficult to obtain successful. "EWeek" Web version of the article content as follows:
RIM is pushing the Black Berry10 to enter the market, However, the chances of success of the product may be significantly lower than RIM expected. In the mobile market, RIM has indeed suffered a huge dilemma the Black Berry operating system for the company a few years ago, once favored by the market, but is now being consumers seriously neglected, consumers, Black Berry operating system Android and iOS system compared to the new technology, already very outdated. For RIM, the issue has been very severe, so that the company could only watch as its share price falling as well as market share is declining. Worst, RIM is still not do anything, and therefore will not be able to turn the tide to reverse the plight.
Today, With Black Berry10 about to enter the market, RIM's executives seem to think that has to find a way out. BlackBerry10 is a new operating system will soon be available in January next year. RIM, said that this operating system will be configured to a variety of touch screen mobile phone, and because of obsolete design and a physical keyboard away from the old version of the system will give RIM bring earth-shaking changes.
However, any claim that Black Berry10 will be successful speech is nonsense. Operating system may be better than the old system of RIM's previously launched, but also may configure some of the new features, but a new software is enough to solve RIM difficult situation? Here are 10 reasons the Description Black Berry10 market situation will be difficult to open.
1. IPhone strong presence of
Apple iPhone smartphone is extremely welcomed by the market, but also the desire to grab a huge share of the mobile market with Black Berry10 to bring strong pressure to RIM intends. Apple's iPhone is the top mobile market smartphones after will be Samsung 's GalaxySIII, at the same time, some other mobile phone manufacturers mobile phone products has been a huge market of indifference. RIM executives what grounds that their phone will break through the weight of it?
2. Android enormous threat
Black Berry10 market, Android will likely become the biggest problem for RIM. As the popularity of Android is more prosperous, more and more devices equipped with Android system have also entered the mobile market. Conversely, it also brings more and more pressure to other companies. RIM, late into the touch-screen phone, and now have to compete with many Android products, will certainly face strong pressure of Android.
3. BlackBerry consumers do not want to touch the screen
RIM Company, a very strange thing is that the company's traditional consumer does not want to touch screen devices. In fact, it has always insisted on the use of BlackBerry products the user is also a user who has been like a physical keyboard. However, RIM this was released Black Berry10 new products, trying to attract users who are both looking forward to the BlackBerry experience and look forward to the touch screen panel. But the problem is that these users really exist?
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| 12月17日（月）17:04 | トラックバック(0) | コメント(0) | Hobby | 管理
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| Switching power FM radio transmitter |
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With Switching Power Supply Technology continues to mature, to further broaden its applications. Switching Power Supply Continuous regulated power supply , compared with the traditional series has been a large improvement in efficiency, electromagnetic pollution, volume and reliability. On the other hand, the increasingly high demand for the latest solid-state FM broadcast transmitter power, switching power supply technology matures, constantly updated components, the application of the high reliability of the control chip is fully capable to meet the requirements of the FM broadcast transmitter. Actuator and power amplifier components in the solid-state FM transmitter universal switching power supply as energy support. The future of digital control and management put forward higher requirements for the switching power supply, intelligent, digital, small size and high reliability will be the development direction of switching power FM radio transmitter.
Switching Power Supply
Power is the heart of the entire power FM radio transmitter. Take into account the Transmitter Room equipment, electromagnetic compatibility, the overall efficiency of the transmitter, the reliability of the power supply, and the day-to-day maintenance and other issues, the switching power supply is undoubtedly the best choice of the solid-state FM transmitter power. The excellent characteristics of the switching power supply is mainly reflected in the following aspects. First: the smaller size. It can be integrated with the power amplifier assembly. Several hundred kHz switching frequency makes the filter impedance element volume scrunch, thereby both reduce transmitter weight and smaller volume, easy to transport and routine maintenance. Second: the efficiency is higher. Including the application of new devices such as the power switch MOSFET switching power supply circuit topology switching technology portfolio is to reduce losses and improve an important guarantee of the power system efficiency. Third: less electromagnetic pollution. Transmitter power supply equipped with electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter circuit and high spikes absorption circuit is an important guarantee to meet the requirements of the power of the current harmonics, it can not only improve the load characteristics of the power grid, reduce to the grid serious pollution, but also can reduce the harmonic interference to other network devices . Fourth: reliability has been further improved. Lightning protection, anti-induction or counterattack through a variety of protective measures and use of the voltage coated with three anti-paint (moisture-proof, anti-salt and mildew) printed circuit board can be the probability of failure to a minimum.
Switching Power Supply Application
The switching power supply through the power switches to a certain frequency continuously controlling the on-off operation, so that it can be through the energy storage element (such as inductors and capacitors) to provide the form of electricity supply to the transducer or load. Simply by changing the duty cycle, the switching frequency or phase, with an average output voltage or current can be controlled. The switching frequency of the switching power supply range from 20kHz to a few MHz. For power power greater than 90W workplace, switching power supply usually take two transform. Control power factor correction (PFC) converter and a DC / DC converter. Special mention should be made of the power factor correction circuit. It is in order to ensure that the input voltage and the current set-phase work. As a result, the power factor close to 1, the apparent power all converted to the active power, and thus the efficiency of the system has been improved. If there is no active PFC circuit, the input current to the peak value of the pulse in the form of narrow pulse width input switching power supply cause severe harmonic interference components. These harmonic components not only did not provide any energy to the load, but also cause transformers and other equipment fever. The active and passive power factor correction circuit is divided into two types. FM radio transmitter most of the switching power supply with active power factor correction circuit, it is composed of two parts of the AC / DC converter with active power factor correction and independent DC / DC converter. AC / DC converter include: EMI filter, slow-start circuit, bridge rectifier, PFC controller, power driver circuit and the converter circuit switch MOSFET (by the power, energy storage inductor L, fast recovery rectifier diode and filter capacitor etc.).
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| 12月10日（月）12:19 | トラックバック(0) | コメント(0) | Economy | 管理
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